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| 1960 |
| | | South African police fire on a crowd in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, killing more than sixty people | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Madagascar becomes independent (under the name Malagasy republic from till 1975), with Philibert Tsiranana as president | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Nelson Mandela leads a new armed section of the ANC (African National Congress), formed in response to Sharpeville | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Albert Luthuli, president of the ANC in South Africa, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Commonwealth opposition to apartheid causes South Africa to leave the organization and become a republic | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Nelson Mandela and the ANC adopt guerrilla tactics against the apartheid regime in South Africa | |
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| 1964 |
| | | Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life imprisonment and is sent to a gaol on Robben Island | |
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| 1964 |
| | | Kenneth Kaunda becomes president of the independent republic of Zambia, previously Northern Rhodesia | |
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| 1966 |
| | | Prime minister Hendrik Verwoerd is stabbed to death in the South African parliament | |
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| 1967 |
| | | South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard, in Cape Town, transplants the heart of a young woman into a 55-year-old grocer, Louis Washkansky | |
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